von Claudia Fuchs

The architecture1 of European human rights law is often referred to as multi-level and pluralist. Multi-level because the system for the protection of human rights consists of various legal standards - national standards set out by the domestic human rights law, standards contained in EU law (such as the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights2 and the human rights case law of the European Court of Justice), and international standards (especially as set out by the European Convention of Human Rights3). These different systems of human rights protection are not complementary but rather parallel, overlapping instruments of protection, with diverging scopes of application.

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